IE DESIGN ASSIGNMENT
DESIGN OF EARTHQUAKE RESISATNT
BUILDING
BY
JEETU RANA (roll no 39)
HEMANTH KUMAR (roll no 36)
ABSTRACT
In this project work,
an attempt has been made to plan and design a G+4 storied shopping complex
building. This project work involves planning, analysis, designs, drawings and
estimation of a typical multistoried building.
The salient features of the G+4 storied building are
as given below the basement floor is 1.20m above the existing ground level. The
shopping complex consists of G+4 floors with 3.60m ceiling height. The carpet
area available in each floor is 1220sq.m.
This shopping complex having all facilities under one
roof, designed with shops, Super market, Food court, Net point, Gym, Table tennis
court, Coffee shop with ample car parking
etc, with very good water supply and sanitary arrangements.
The planned five storey commercial building frame
in modeled in STAAD Pro.Various load combinations are included in the frame analysis
and the lateral loads are calculated by seismic coefficient method for the
earthquake zone III with response reduction factor 3. The amount of concrete
and steel required along with the total cost of the building is calculated.
The structural design
has been manually done. The estimate of the building is prepared on the basis
of plinth area rate. Necessary structural drawings are enclosed at appropriate
places.
INTRODUCTION
1.1. SCOPE & IMPORTANCE:
Shopping and
Entertainment is an important for each and every one. But they have short of
time, so they need a shopping complex under one roof to save the valuable time.
1.2. LOCATION:
We have
decided to choose the site for the construction of shopping complex at Vadapalani
in Chennai city.
The site accommodates
the following special feature.
Ø
Land is available in the centre of city.
Ø
The site is located in main road.
Ø
24 hour transportation facilities available.
3.2. ANALYSIS:
3.2.1. MATERIAL:
Grade of
reinforcement : Fe415
Grade of
concrete : M25
Density of
concrete : 2500Kg/m3
3.2.2. LOADING:
Dead load:
Partition wall and other external
walls, floor finish etc., as per the provisions of IS: 875-1987(part I)
Superimposed
load:
As per the provisions of IS:
875-1987(part II)
For Commercial Buildings (AL) = 4.00
KN/m2
Seismic load
Dead load +
part of live load = DL+0.5LL
3.2.3. CODES:
Concrete design : IS: 456-2000
Steel design : IS: 800-1984
3.2.4. PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS:
Load factors:
For dead
load = 1.50
For live
load = 1.50
The above
partial safety factors are taken from IS: 456-2000
Material safety factor:
For
reinforcement steel = 1.15
For concrete = 1.50
3.2.5. LOAD CALCULATION:
Dead load:
At any floor
level except ground floor (per m width)
Load from
slab = 0.15 x 23.5 = 3.525 KN/m2 (assuming 150mm
thickness)
Partitions (G.F) = 0.23 x 4.20 x 20 =19.32 KN/m
Partitions
(F.F TO F.F) = 0.23 x 3.00 x 20 =13.80 KN/m
Partitions
(Terrace floor) = 0.23 x 1.00 x 20 =4.60 KN/m
Floor
finishes = 1.00 KN/m2
Floor
finishes (Terrace floor) = 2.00 KN/m2
B) Live load
For
Commercial Buildings = 4.00 KN/m2
C) Seismic
load
Dead load +
part of live load = DL+0.5LL
3.2.6. ANALYSIS ABOUT STAAD Pro:
4.2. LIMIT STATE METHOD:
Limit state of Design
is a further improvement of ultimate load design in the limit state methods a
structure is designed to with stand all loads like to act on it in the duration
of its life span and also to satisfy the service requirements like deflection
and limitation of crack width, limit means an acceptable limit, for the safety
and serviceability requirements before anything can occur.
The design provides a
condition that the structure will not become unfit for use for which it is
meant or in other words the structure will not reach a limit state.
The entire limit
state that are relevant are considered
in the design to ensure an adequate degree of safety and serviceability, the
structure in general shall be designed on the basis of the most critical state
and shall also be checked for other limit states.
4.2.1. LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE :
The design on limit state of collapse provides the necessary safety of
the structure against partial or total collapse of the structure.
4.2.2. LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY :
This limit state is introduced to
prevent objectionable deflection and cracking.
4.2.3. CHARACTERISTICS STRENGTH OF
CONCRETE:
Grade
|
M15
|
M20
|
M25
|
M30
|
M35
|
M40
|
Fck
N/mm2
|
15
|
20
|
25
|
30
|
35
|
40
|
4.2.4. CHARACTERISTICS STRENGTH OF STEEL:
Grade
|
Fe250
|
Fe415
|
Fe500
|
fyN/mm2
|
250
|
415
|
500
|
4.2.5. CHARACTERISTIC LOADS:
Characteristics load means the value of the
load, which has a 95 percent probability of not being exceeded during the life
of the structure.
Characteristics load is the weight of the structure
itself. Characteristic live load and wind load are taken as per IS875-1964
characteristic seismic loads are taken as per 1873-1975.
4.2.6. OBJECTS OF LIMIT STATE
DESIGN:
The object of limit state design is the guarantee adequate
safety consistent with economy against the structure being rendered unfit for
service due to cracking, deflection, failure and such other cases. A limit sate
corresponds to each of the states in which the structure becomes unfit.
5. DESIGN OF BEAM
5.1. DESIGN OF BEAMS BY MANUAL (Beam No:
303):
Step - 1
Width of Beam = 300 mm
Over all depth
of Beam = 600m
Thickness of
slab, Df = 150mm
Breadth of
web, bw = 300mm
Concrete
grade = M25
Steel grade = Fe415
Step – 2:
Bending
moment and shear force
Negative
moment @ interior support
= 170.806 kNm
Positive
moment @ centre of span = 367.60
kNm
Maximum
shear force at its support, Vu = 224.952 kN
Limiting
moment of Resistance
Mulimit = 0.138fck
bd2
= 0.138 x25x300x5502
Mulimit = 313.088
kNm
Mu limit < Mumax
Hence the
section is designed for doubly reinforced.
Mu2 = 367.60-313.088
= 54.512kN.m
Ast calculation:
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fyAst/fckbd))
313.088x106 = 0.87
x 415 x Ast x 550 (1- (415 x
Ast /
25x300x550))
313.088 x 106 =
198577.5 Ast – 19.978 Ast2
Ast1 = 1965.19
mm2
Use 25mm dia
bars
No of bars
required = Ast / ast = 1965.19 / ((π/4) x 252)
= 4.00 Say 4 nos
Main
reinforcement (excess reinforcement Positive)
Mu1 = 0.87
fyAst2(d-d’)
54.512x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast2 x (550-50)
54.512 x 106 = 180525 Ast2
Ast = 301.97 mm2
No of bars
required = Ast / ast
= 301.96 / ((π/4) x 252)
= 0.62 Say 1 nos
Provide 5 nos of bars #25 at the Bottom tension face at centre of span
section.
Asc calculation:-
Main
reinforcement (Negative)
Mu = fsc
Asc (d-d’)
d’/d = 50/550 =0.09
fsc = 353.40N/m2
170.806x 106 = 353.40 x Asc x (550-50)
Ast = 966.64 mm2
No of bars
required = Ast / ast = 966.64 / ((π/4) x 252)
= 1.97 Say 2 nos
Provide 2
Nos of bars #25 at the top tension face near support
6. DESIGN OF COLUMN
6.1 GENERAL
From the STAAD Pro Analysis done we obtain the
maximum positive moment, maximum negative moment and maximum shear force from
these the beams are designed manually.
Maximum
moments and shear forces
Beam node Env Fx
Fy Fz Mx
My
Mz
kN kN kN kNm kNm kNm
231 86
+ve 3513.2 94.90 100.4 1.33 277.73 233.99
-ve -63.88
-104.1 -114.8 -1.32 -248.0 -253.11
6.2. DESIGN OF COLUMNS BY MANUAL (Beam No: 231):
Beam size = 450 x 450mm
Concrete grade = M25
Steel grade = Fe415
Factored load Puz
= 2477.56kN
Factored Moment Muz
= 11.747kN.m
Muy = 262.42kN.m
Moments due to minimum eccentricity are less than the values given above
Reinforcement is distributed equally on four sides
As a first
trail assume the reinforcement P = 3.75
P/fck
= 3.75/25 = 0.15
Uniaxial
moment capacity of the section about XX and YY axis
Effective cover d’ = cover +dia of rod/2
= 40+25/2 = 52.5mm
Effective depth d = 450-25-(25/2)
d = 412.50mm
D = 450mm
d’/D = 52.5/450
= 0.1167
Check for
d’/D 0.15 will be used
Pu/fck
bd = 2477.56 x 103/ (25 x 450 x
450)
= 0.49
Referring to
chart45
Mu/ fck
bd2 = 0.135
Mux1 = Muy1 = 0.135 x 25 x 450 x 4502
= 307.55kN.m
7. DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:
7.1 GENERAL
The outer Column footings are designed as
Isolated footings where as the Inner column footings are designed as Combined
footings. In these combined footings the two adjacent columns are combined in
the Z axis direction. From the STAAD Pro analysis done we obtain the Axial load for the
designing of footing
7.2 Design of combined footing: - (Node No:
89 and 91)
|
Axial load
Pu2 = 3938.35 say 4000 kN
|
Bearing
capacity of soil = 250 kN/m2
To find length of footing
Taking
moment about B,
4000 x 6.5 +
172 + 160 = 8000 X
X = 3.29m
Taking AB = 0.75m 7.2.1plan
Total length
up to CG from A =3.29m+0.75m
=4.04m
Length of footing = 2(m+n)
= 2(0.75+3.29) = 8.08m
Length of projection CD = 0.83m
Taking 10%
of total weight as self weight of foundation
Bearing area required = (8000+800) / 250
= 35.20 m2
Width of foundation = 35.20 / 8.08
= 4.36 m say 4.50m
Footing Area = 8.08 x 4.50 = 36.36 m2
Net upward soil pressure = 8000 / 36.36
= 220.02kN/m2
Net upward soil pressure < safe bearing capacity
220.02 kN/m2 < 250
kN/m2
Hence safe.
Bearing area
per meter length = 220.02 x 4.50
= 990.09kN/m2
|
SF @ A =0
SF @ B left =742.57kN
SF @ B right =-3257.43kN
SF @ C left =3178.15 kN
SF @ C right =-821.85 kN
SF @ D = 0
To find shear force at Zero 7.2.2.SFD &BMD
4000 – (0.75 x 990.09) – 990.09x = 0
X = 3.29m
To find Longitudinal bending moment:-
Maximum
hogging Bending moment,
M max = 990.09
x 4.042 / 2 – 4000x3.29– 172
= -5252.08 kNm
Max sagging Bending moment:-
At Support,
B
Mx = 990.09 x 0.75 2/ 2 -172
= 106.46kN.m
At support
C,
Mu = 990.09 x 0.832 / 2
= 341.04kN.m
Thickness of footing based on shear:-
The effective thickness of footing may be determined by considering that
the shear is resisted without shear reinforcement as follows,
Vumax = ﺡc b.d
d = Vumax / ﺡc b
For one way Shear:-
Vumax = Max ultimate
shear at the section at distance‘d’
from the inner face of pedestal of column C2.
=3178.15 – 990.09d
bo = B = 4500mm
ﺡvu = shear
strength of concrete in foundation slab
= Ks which may taken as 1.0, and shear strength
of concrete which may be taken as its minimum value of 0.25 N/mm2
= 0.25 N/mm2
dx1000 = (3178.15 – 990.09d) x 1000 / (0.25 x
4500)
1125000d = 3178.15 x103
– 990.09x103 d
d = 1.50 m
= 1500mm. Say 1540mm
Over all
depth = 1600mm
DESIGN FOR MOMENTS:-
The bottom reinforcement for transverse moments is
placed below the bottom reinforcement for longitudinal moment. Distribution
reinforcement in transverse direction.
= 0.12% of gross sectional area
= (0.12 / 100) x1000 x 1300
= 1560mm2 Provide 20mm # @ 200mmc/c
Use 20mm φ
rods
Spacing = (314.15
/ 1560) x 1000
= 201.38mm say 200mm
1)
3d = 3 x 1240 =
3720mm
2)
And mm300
Which ever is minimum
Provide 20mm
#@200mmc/c
Ast Calculation:-
Longitudinal span moment:-
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- (fyAst/fck
bd))
5252.08 x 106
= 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 1240 (1- (415 x Ast /
25x4500x1240))
5252.08 x 106
= 447702 Ast – 1.33 Ast2
Ast = 12171.28mm2
Provide min Ast
= 0.12% of gross sectional area
= (0.12 / 100) x4500 x 1240 =6696mm2
Ast
per meter length = (12171.28 / 4.5) = 2704.73mm2 /m
Use 25 mm φ
rods
Spacing = (490.57
/ 2704.43) x 1000
= 181.49 mm Say 180 mm c/c
Provide 25mm
# @ 180mmc/c
Support moment:-
Mu = 0.87
fy Ast d (1- (fyAst/fckbd))
341.04 x 106 =
447702 Ast – 1.33 Ast2
Ast = 763.49
mm2 < 6696 mm2
Ast
per meter length = (6696 / 4.5) =1488mm2/m
Use 20 mm φ
rods
Spacing = (314
/ 1488) x 1000
= 211.13 mm Say 200 mm c/c
Provide 20mm
# @ 200mmc/c
7.3. DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING:-
DATA FOR DESIGN:
Axial load = 1541.4kN say 1800kN
Moment, Mx = 141.271
kN
Moment, Mz = -141.19kN
Safe bearing
capacity of soil = 250kN/m2
Area
required for foundation = 1800 / 250
|
Area required = LxB
BxB = 7.2m2
B2 = 7.2m2
B = 2.68m
L = 2.68m
Length
required = 2.68 m 7.2.
Breadth
required = 2.68 m 7.3.1.
Plan
Length
provided = 2.70 m
Breadth
provided = 2.70m
Original
area = 2.70m x 2.70m
= 7.29 m2
Column size:-
Length = 0.45m
Width = 0.45m
Self weight
of the footing:-
Unit weight
of concrete = 25.00kN/m3
Depth below
Ground level = 2.40m
Depth of
footing @ face of column = 1.00m
Depth of
footing @ Edge of footing = 0.30m
Volume of
footing:-
Volume of
frusta of pyramids and concrete,
= (1.00 – 0.30) / 3
((0.45 x 0.45) + (2.70x 2.70) +
(0.45 x 0.45 x 2.70 x 2.70)
=1.559m3
Thickness of
footing required against bending moments:-
Mumax = Qubd2
431.52 x 106=
0.138 x25x 2700x d2
d = 215.23mm Say 220mm
D = 220+ 60 = 280mm
Upward soil
pressure at B = 203.86
+ (203.06 – 289.98) / 2.7
X (2.7 -1.125-0.45)
= 240.102kN/m2
Mux = Muy = Pnu
Lx ((B-b) 2/ 8)
= 240.102
x 2.7 x (2.7-0.45)2 / 8
= 410.24kNm
Maximum
Bending moment @ face of column = 410.24kNm
|
Mumax = Qubd2
410.24 x 106=
0.138x25x2700 xd2
d =
(410.24 x 106)
/ 0.138x25x2700
= 209.85
mm say220mm
D = 220
+ 60
= 280mm 7.3.2 one way shear plan
Check for Effective depth required against
shear:-
The critical
section of shear is taken at a distance of‘d’ from the pedestal
Vu max =Pu B ((L-a)/2) –d)
=252.56 x 2.70 x (2.70-
0.45) /2 –d)
=681.912(1.125
–d)
Vumax =767.15 – 681.91 d
The total shear stress induced at critical section is resisted by the
shear stress, developed by concrete section,
|
Ks = 0.5 + βc
|
= 1.50 >1
Ks = 1
حc = 0.25
fck
= 1.25N/mm2
7.3.2 critical section plan
حcu = 1x1.25
= 1.25N/mm2
حvu = (Vumax/bd)
حvu = (767.15 – 681.91d)/2700 x d
حvu = حcu
1.25x103 = (767.15
– 681.91d)/2.70d
d = 0.189m
d = 189 mm
D = 250mm
|
Vumax = Pnu
((LxB – (a+d) (b+d))
= 252.56(2.70x2.70 –
(0.45+d)(0.45+d))
= 252.56(7.088-d2-0.9d) 7.3.3
Two way shear plan = 1719.27 – 218.30d – 252.56 d2
ﺡvu
=
(Vumax)/(2(a+d)+2(b+d))d)
= 1719.27 – 218.30d – 252.56 d2 /
(2(0.45+d)
+2(0.45+d)) x d
1.25 x 103
(1.8d + 4d2) = 1719.27 – 218.30d – 252.56 d2
5252.56 d2 +
2468.30 d – 1719.21 = 0
d = 384mm say 390mm
D = 450mm Provide
maximum depth d = 450mm
Reinforcement along x direction:-
Mu = 0.87
fy Astd(1- (fyAst/fck bd))
431.52 x 106 =
0.87 x 415 x Ast x 390(1-
(415 x
Ast / 25x2700x390))
Ast = 3228.94mm2
Provide 20mm
dia bars.
No of bar = 3228.94 / ((π /4) x 202)
= 10.28
nos Say 11nos
CONCLUSION
Our project deals with planning, analysis
and design of shopping complex using STAAD
Pro at Vadapalani, Chennai.
The shopping complex is designed with all
necessary facilities such as shops, super markets, coffee shops, Food courts,
offices, Escalators, Lifts etc., as per BIS specifications.
In this project, the Analysis of frame is
done by stiffness matrix method using STAAD Pro. Software.
Design
of footings, columns, beams & slabs are done manually by limit state method
as per IS456 – 2000, IS 1893-2002 and SP16.